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mine reclamation
Mine reclamation is the process of restoring land that has been mined to a natural or economically usable state. Although the process of mine reclamation occurs once mining is completed, the planning of mine reclamation activities occurs prior to a mine being permitted or started. Mine reclamation creates useful landscapes that meet a variety of goals ranging from the restoration of productive ecosystems to the creation of industrial and municipal resources. In the United States, mine reclamation is a regular part of modern mining practices.〔Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977〕 Modern mine reclamation minimizes and mitigates the environmental effects of mining.
==Reclamation Processes==
As part of the life cycle of a surface coal mine, completed mine areas must undergo rehabilitation. When mining ends, operators must restore the land to its approximate original contour (AOC) or leave the land graded and suitable for a “higher and better” post-mining land use (PMLU) that has been approved as part of the original mining permit application. Exceptions are provided when a community or surface owner is in need of flat or gently rolling terrain. Acceptable post-mining land uses include commercial, residential, recreational, agricultural or public facility improvements.〔Truth About Surface Mining, Lifecycle of a Coal Surface Mine (http://www.truthaboutsurfacemining.com/SurfaceMining101/Pages/LifecycleSurfaceMine.aspx)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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